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Original Papers

  • Validation of Wong-Baker FACES Rating Scale in comfort assessment among children with acute fever and aged 0-5 years
  • GONG Zong-rong, SHU Min, WAN Chao-min, ZHU Yu, LUO Shuang-hong
  • 2015 Vol. 10 (6): 401-404.
  • Abstract ( 1585 ) PDF (693KB)( 2377 )
  • Objective To assess the validation of Wong-Baker FACES Rating Scale(Wong-Baker)in confort assessment among children with acute fever and aged 0-5 years about comfort and corresponding relationship between Wong-Baker and Echelle Douleur Inconfort Nouveau-Ne, neonatal pain and discomfort scale(EDIN). Methods This was a prospective,observational study of children aged from 0 to 5 years with acute fever about comfort. Children's discomfort severity with fever was rated on EDIN and Wong-Baker. Spearman's correlation (r) was used to measure agreement between two scales. Results A total of 97 patients including 56 males were enrolled with 31 cases aged ≤1 year, 49 aged -3 years, 17 aged -5 years and 35 cases ≤38.0℃, 49 with -39.0℃ and 13 ≥39.0℃. Forty three cases (44.3%) were diagnosed as infectious diseases, 25 (25.8%) with respiratory diseases, 21 (21.6%) with fever of unknown causes, 7 with hematology diseases and 1 with digestive disease. All children with fever felt pain assessed by Wong-Baker scale, 29.9% of them felt mild pain. The assessments of obvious pain, severe pain and fierce pain were accordant between genders and age groups. The feeling to different pain became more obvious with the increasing of body temperature. More than 90% children felt uncomfortable assessed by Chinese version EDIN scale. It was accordance with the feeling scored 1 to 3 between different genders and ages. The number of children with good sleep, friendly with study staff and easily pacify decreased with increasing of body temperature. Agreement between Wong-Baker and EDIN was good(r=0.742, P<0.001) without relationship with gender, age or body temperature. Conclusion Both scales could be used to assess comfort in acute fever children aged from 0 to 5 years with good agreement between Wong-Baker and EDIN.

  • A retrospective analysis to identify the factors influencing parental pregnancy decisions in pregnancies with fetal cardiac anomalies
  • WU Lin, SUN Qi, YANG Hao-sheng, YAN Wei-li, ZHAO Lu, SUN Lu-ming
  • 2015 Vol. 10 (6): 405-408.
  • Abstract ( 756 ) PDF (553KB)( 1407 )
  • Objective The aim of the study was to identify the factors influencing parental pregnancy decisions after a prenatal diagnosis of cardiac anomalies in Chinese population in the setting of tertiary level diagnosis and consultation. The study may be helpful to estimate the future prevalence of live birth congenital heart disease. Methods A total of 162 fetuses prenatally diagnosed with cardiac anomalies in our institute were retrospectively analyzed from January 2011 to December 2014. Each family was provided with detailed consultation for the diagnosis, severity, treatment options and long-term prognosis of the anomaly with a multidisciplinary approach. Data with respect to the general maternal and fetal characteristics and pregnancy outcome were collected for all cases, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which factors influenced the parents' pregnancy decisions. Results Of the 162 cases, the mean gestational age at diagnosis was 26.5 weeks (ranging from 17.4 to 39.5 weeks), and 24 fetuses (14.8%) were associated with major extra-cardiac malformations. Overall, 67 (41.4%) pregnancies were interrupted, while the rates of termination in mild, moderate and severe groups of fetuses classified by severity of cardiac anomalies were 16.0%, 51.1% and 76.2%, respectively, and that of fetuses associated with major extra-cardiac anomalies reached 79.2%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified that severity of cardiac anomalies (OR=9.001, 95%CI: 4.143-19.557,P<0.001), presence of extra-cardiac anomalies (OR=3.801, 95%CI: 1.814-7.962, P<0.001) and gestational age at diagnosis (OR=0.750, 95%CI: 0.653-0.861, P<0.001) were three major factors contributing to the probability of pregnancy termination. Conclusion In China, the termination of pregnancy following prenatal diagnosis of cardiac anomalies is more frequent than that in the developed countries, mainly due to no restriction of gestational age for termination. The parents are more likely to adopt for termination in the cases of more complex cardiac anomalies or in association with major extra-cardiac malformations.

  • Effect of family integrated care in neonatal intensive care unit on maternal stressfulness of hospitalized preterm infants: a self comparison study
  • HE Li, TAN Yan-juan, HEI Ming-yan
  • 2015 Vol. 10 (6): 409-414.
  • Abstract ( 907 ) PDF (1389KB)( 2651 )
  • Objective This was a sub-grant of Family Integrated Care (FICare), a study aiming at helping parents of preterm infants become the team members in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) under the supervision of NICU professionals. The objective was to study the effect of FICare in NICU on maternal stressfulness of hospitalized preterm infants, so as to find further evidence for the necessity of FICare in NICUs in China. Methods This was a self comparison study. The standardized parental stressfulness scoring for NICU (PSS: NICU) was conducted by the strategy of 'ante-FICare PSS:NICU - FICare - post-FICare PSS:NICU' by a well trained research nurse at 2 time points: before joining FICare, and the baby's discharge day after joining FICare. SPSS 20.0 software was used for the statistical analysis. Results Patients were all hospitalized preterm infants in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from April 2014 to October 2015. Five hundred and sixty infants met the inclusion criteria, 464 infants met the exclusion criteria, 32 infants met the dropping criteria, making the final sample size of this study be 64. Among the 64 infant-mother pairs, 40 were male infants with gestational age of (32.8±2.6) weeks and birth weight of (1 795±439) g. 4.7% infants were born with Apgar score< 7 at 5 min. The average age of mothers was (27.4 ± 5.6) years old. 51.5% of the mothers were above college educational level and less than 3.1% of the mothers were under middle school education. Before FICare, the average score was more than 3.5 in 2 out of 4 dimensions of PSS:NICU. After FICare, by the time of discharge, the average score was close to 2 in all 4 dimensions of PSS:NICU. The before and after FICare comparisons showed significant difference in general score[(4.00±1.08) vs (2.02±0.93)], NICU sight & sound-related score [(3.38±0.53) vs (2.18±0.25)], treatment-related score [(3.76±0.45) vs (2.42±0.20)], and relationship & parental role-related score [(3.44±0.36) vs (2.20±0.18)] (t values were 12.124, 12.637, 11.471 and 10.879, respectively, and all P vaules were <0.001). Conclusion Maternal stressfulness and anxiety level of preterm infants in NICU is high, and it can be positively released by allowing mothers of preterm infants to do FICare in NICU.

  • The relationship between pre-gravid body weight, gestational weight gain and the prevalence of macrosomia
  • LI Hao-jie, SHEN Min, SHEN Wan-rong, TAN Tao, LU Li-ping, XU Ren-ying, WAN Yan-ping
  • 2015 Vol. 10 (6): 414-418.
  • Abstract ( 702 ) PDF (930KB)( 2327 )
  • Objective To evaluate the effects of pre-gravid body weight, gestational weight gain (GWG) on the prevalence of macrosomia. Methods Healthy pregnancy women with singleton in Renji Hospital and Changning Maternal and Child Health Care Center were recruited for the study. Maternal (age, education, disease history, gestational age, GWG, and triglycerides) and neonatal (gender and birthweight) indexes were obtained according to medical records. Pre-gravid body weight was obtained after delivery by a trained nutritionist and classified by body mass index (BMI). Results A total number of 1 286 pregnancy women aged (28.8±3.7) years were enrolled in the study. The number of undernutrition, normal, and overweight women before pregnancy was 239 (18.6%), 872 (67.8%), and 175 (13.6%), respectively. The mean GWG was (15.4±4.7) kg in our study population. Among them, 16.0% (206/1 286) gained body weight less than low value of GWG recommendation, while 37.9% (488/1 286) were in normal range, and 46.0% (592) exceeded the upper value of recommendation GWG. The mean birth weight was (3 380±384) g and the prevalence of macrosomia was 6.0% (77/1 286). Gestational age, pre-gravid BMI, GWG, and triglyceride level were obvious higher in macrosomia group compared with those in normal birth weight group. Pre-gravid overweight, increase of gestational age and GWG, and hypertriglyceridemia were the risk factors for macrosomia by multivariate logistical regression. Conclusion Pre-gravid overweight, increase of gestational age and GWG, hypertriglyceridemia are closely related with macrosomia.

  • The impact of LCPUFA supplement on incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  • WANG Qian, CUI Qi-liang, YAN Cai-man
  • 2015 Vol. 10 (6): 419-425.
  • Abstract ( 825 ) PDF (2805KB)( 1457 )
  • Objective To compare the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC), bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) and other neonatal disease between preterm infants received LCPUFA-supplemented formula and regular formula. Methods The databases of PubMed,EMBASE,the Cohrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched from establishment to Augest, 2015, to collect relevant studies investigating the impact of preterm infants given LCPUFA on the incidence of NEC, BPD, sepsis and mortality. Two reviewers independently screened literatures, extracted data,and assessed the risk bias of included studies by modified JADAD scale. The outcomes were expressed as risk ratio(RR) with 95% CI.The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.A fixed-effect model or a random-effect model would be used acording to the heterogeneity. Results Fifteen RCTs (2 658 infants) were included into this meta-analysis. The JADAD score of 13 RCTs ranged from 5 to 7, whearas 2 RCTs < 5, which indicated the risk of bias of included studies was low. The meta-analysis showed that LCPUFA could not significantly decrease the incidence of NEC, BPD, sepsis or death, the correponding RR(95%CI) was 1.16(0.73-1.83), 0.94(0.79-1.13), 1.13(0.93-1.37) and 1.15(0.56-2.36), respectively. Subgroup analysis found that preterm infants with gestational age ≤32 weeks receiving LCPUFA had lower incidence of NEC (RR,0.42,95% CI: 0.19-0.96). The incidences of BPD and sepsis did not significantly differ in infants reveiving and non-reveiving LCPUFA in the gestational age ≤32 weeks. Conclusion Preterm infants received LCPUFA-supplemented formula could not decrease the incidence of BPD, sepsis and death, however may decrease the incidence of NEC in infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks.

  • Mitochondrial nephropathy in two children and literature review
  • 2015 Vol. 10 (6): 426-433.
  • Abstract ( 918 ) PDF (4457KB)( 1968 )
  • Objective To summarize and review the clinical data of two children with mitochondrial nephropathy so as to improve it's knowledge. Methods Clinical data of two cases with mitochondrial nephropathy were summarized, including clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, renal pathological changes and family investigation. This study used next generation sequencing to screen 4 000 genes, including the 40 genes known to be associated with mitochondrial disease. Significant variants detected by next generation sequencing were confirmed by conventional Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis was performed using parental DNA samples. Results In two cases, one is a boy, the other is a girl. Age onset of the girl was 11.7 years. She presented with proteinuria, renal dysfunction, no extrarenal symptoms and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in renal biopsy. Heterozygous p.E447 and p.G601A mutations in NPHS1 and homozygous p.D209H mutation in ADCK4 gene were detected and confirmed by next-generation sequencing and conventional Sanger sequencing, respectively. Family analysis showed that the girl had same genotype in NPHS1 gene with her father and sibling, and her homozygous p.D209H mutation in ADCK4 gene was from parents. The boy presented with congenital heart disease and mental retardation after birth, and nephrotic syndrome in few months later. Homozygous p.R360W mutation in COQ6 gene was identified and confirmed by next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing, respectively. Family analysis showed that homozygous p.R360W mutation in COQ6 gene inherited from his parents. Missense p.D209H and p.R360W mutations were damaging by prediction online PolyPhen and SIFT software. Protein multiple alignment showed site in p.D209H and p.R360W mutations both were conservative. Conclusion Two cases with renal phenotype were caused by casual mutations in ADCK4 and COQ6 gene, respectively. These two cases could be diagnosed as mitochondrial nephropathy. One case with mutation in ADCK4 gene presented with proteinuria, renal dysfunction, no extrarenal symptoms and FSGS in renal biopsy. The other with mutation in COQ6 gene had nephrotic syndrome, except congenital heart disease and mental retardation.

  • Cross-sectional study on newborn congenital cytomegalovirus infection in a tertiary special hospital and a community hospital in Shanghai
  • YE Li-jing, DONG Niu-niu, YE Ying-zi, XU Jin, YU Hui
  • 2015 Vol. 10 (6): 434-437.
  • Abstract ( 768 ) PDF (755KB)( 1556 )
  • Objective To estimate the prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Shanghai by analyzing the situation of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborns. Methods Relevant data of the live births were collected, who were systematically screened for neonatal diseases by using dry blood spot (DBS) samples derived from heel picking in the Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, referred to as the Maternity Hospital of Fudan University, and in Pujiang Town Community Health Center Hospital in Minhang District, Shanghai, called Pujiang Hospital for short. CMV DNA loading in the rest of DBS after the neonatal diseases screening, was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Risk factors of congenital CMV infection were analyzed according to the neonatal medical records and telephone follow-up. The risk factors included the following definitions: ① Neonatal sex; ② Gestational age (<37 weeks, ~42 weeks, ≥42 weeks) ; ③ Birth weight (<2 500 g, ~3 999 g, ≥4 000 g) ; ④ Maternal age( 25-29 years old, first births >30 years old or ≥35 years old);⑤ Native place(Shanghai, Non Shanghai);⑥ Mothers' educational status (junior school degree or below, high school, university degree or above); ⑥ Current family population(≤3 family members, 4 family members,>5 family members). Results ① Among 1 780 DBS of newborn screening collected from neonatal heel peripheral blood within 3 days from September 2011 to March 2013, 942 of which were from the Pujiang Hospital and the rest were from the Maternity Hospital of Fudan University. The congenital CMV infection rate of the two hospitals was 0.9%(17/1 780). 1.6% (15/942) for the former and 0.2% (2/838) for the latter, with significant difference between the two groups (P=0.003 4). ②1 530 neonatal and mothers' medical records and telephone follow-ups were collected. There was a significant difference in mothers' education levels between the CMV positive and negative groups (P=0.008 5), but the difference of other risk factors had no statistical significance. Conclusion The congenital CMV infection rate was 0.9% in Shanghai. There was no obvious correlation between congenital CMV infection rates and the neonatal sex, gestational age, birth weight, mothers' native place and family size. There was statistically significance in mothers' educational status between the negative and positive groups.

  • Impact of the adjunctive hormonal therapy on testicular spermatogenic function among cryptorchid: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  • ZHANG Su,WANG Cheng, FU Sheng-jun,YANG Li
  • 2015 Vol. 10 (6): 438-442.
  • Abstract ( 791 ) PDF (1986KB)( 1335 )
  • Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of hormonal therapy on testicular spermatogenic function of children with cryptorchidism. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, The cochrane library, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Date and VIP were searched to collect relevant studies investigating the impact of hormonal therapy in the testicular spermatogenic function among cryptorchid.Two reviewers independently screened literatures, extracted data, and assessed the risk bias of included studies. As the short-term indicator, the spermatogonia per tubule(S/T) was expressed as mean difference(MD) and its 95% confidence intervals(CI). For the long-term indicator, the proportion of cryptorchidism who will have a normal sperm concentration in adulthood was expressed as risk ratio(RR) with 95% CI.The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.A fixed-effect model or a random-effect model would be used acording to the heterogeneity. Results A total of 4 RCTs(n=168) and 4 Non-randomized controlled trials(NRCT) (n=248) were included. All of these studies had high risk of bias.Among them,3 studies reported the S/T of HCG+surgery group and surgery alone group,the fixed-effect model showed that hCG had decreased the S/T, MD=-0.08,95%CI: -0.13 to -0.03), P=0.002. Four studies was pooled in the meta-analysis using random-effect model. It showed that compared with surgery alone group, LHRH+surgery group had increased S/T, MD=0.34, 95%CI: 0.04 to 0.64, P=0.03, and subgroup analysis indicated the same effect in unilateral or bilateral cryptorchid. Compared with cryptorchid treated by surgery alone, the hCG+LHRH+surgery group did not increase the rate of sperm concentration with the normal range among patients who had history of cryptorchidism, RR=1.46,95%CI:0.24 to 9.06, P=0.68. Conclusion Cryptorchid boys treated with hCG show damage in short-term testicular spermatogenic function, and LHRH would improve it. There is no evidence that combined usage of HCG ad LHRH will benefit long-term sperm concentration. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

  • The association between renin-angiotensin gene polymorphisms and risk of childhood hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  • YE Bing-bing, SU Dan-yan, LIU Dong-li, QIN Su-yuan, LAO Jin-quan, PANG Yu-sheng
  • 2015 Vol. 10 (6): 443-448.
  • Abstract ( 755 ) PDF (1223KB)( 1295 )
  • Objective To explore the association between the genetic markers angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) (I/D), angiotensinogen (ANG) (M235T) and angiotensin Ⅱ receptor-1 [STBX]AT1R[STBZ] (A1166C) and risk of hypertension in pediatric subjects. Methods EMBASE, PubMed, Hartford User Group Exchange (HUGE), CNKI, VIP, Wanfang data and CBM database were searched for the case-control studies on the association of three gene polymorphisms with hypertension in pediatric patients from the establishment to November 27th 2015. Data extraction, quality assessment and pooled analysis were conducted. Meta-analysis on the association of three gene polymorphisms with hypertension between hypertension group and control group under recessiveness, dominance, co-dominance, addition and allele gene models were performed. Statistical analysis was performed by Stata 12.0 software. Results A total of 824 patients and 1 731 controls from 7 case-control studies with moderate bias risk were included. An association between hypertension and ACE (I/D) D variant was identified in 6 included studies in the meta-analysis under recessive model (OR=1.405, 95%CI =1.073-1.840, P=0.013). Neither ANG (M235T) polymorphism in 3 enrolled studies nor [STBX]AT1R[STBZ] (A1166C) polymorphism in 2 enrolled studies was associated with hypertension in pediatric population under recessiveness, dominance, co-dominance, addition or allele gene models. Subgroup analysis revealed that ACE (I/D) D variant was associated with an increased risk of hypertension in obese pediatric population under recessive model(OR=1.564 , 95%CI:1.054-2.321, P=0.026), additive model (OR=2.017, 95%CI:1.137-3.576, P=0.016) and allele model (OR=1.406, 95%CI: 1.076-1.838, P=0.013). There were no significant differences in the frequencies distribution of ACE (I/D) between two groups in general population by considering ethnicity and classification of hypertension. Conclusion No significant association was found between ANG M235T, [STBX]AT1R[STBZ] A1166C polymorphisms and hypertension in pediatric population. The ACE (I/D) polymorphism might be associated with susceptibility to hypertension in the obese pediatric population.

  • Epidemiological study of pathogens leading to lower respiratory infection among hospitalized children in Shanghai, 2011-2014
  • LIU Peng-cheng, SU Li-yun, CAO Ling-feng, DONG Zuo-quan, XU Meng-hua, LU Li-juan, XU Jin
  • 2015 Vol. 10 (6): 449-453.
  • Abstract ( 759 ) PDF (1097KB)( 1425 )
  • Objective An epidemiological study on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), influenza virus (FLU), human metapneumovirus (MV), chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was conducted in hospitalized children with lower respiratory infection (LRTI) in Shanghai. The objective of this study was to provide the basic data support for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of LRTI in children. Methods A total of 14 334 hospitalized children with LRTI from Children's Hospital of Fudan University during October 2011 and September 2014 were enrolled, and nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were collected and tested by direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) or real time PCR, and then the epidemiological characteristics of different respiratory pathogens were analyzed. Results The total detection rate of respiratory pathogens was 44.0% (6301/14 334). The most frequent detected pathogen was MP which accounted for 17.5% (2 509/14 334), followed by RSV (1 996/14 334, 13.9%) and PIV (803/14 334, 5.6%). The detection rate did not significantly differ between genders (χ2=0.68, P=0.408). The detection rates of pathogens had significant correlation with age and season. RSV was the most prevalent pathogen in the youngest children below or at 6 months old, while the most frequent detected pathogen in children over 2 years old was MP. The detection rates of RSV and CT significantly declined with age, meanwhile the detection rate of MP increased with age. RSV infection peaked in winter, but was rarely detected in summer. The detection of ADV increased in spring and summer, but was rarely detected in autum. PIV and MP infections peaked in summer. FLU caused an explosive epidemic in January of 2012 and 2014. The peak of MV occurred around March. CT activity was observed throughout the year without significant seasonality. Co-infection rate was 2.6% (373/14 334) and the highest rate of co-infection was found in children aged -12 months. The combination of MP plus another pathogen was the most common co-infection and MP+RSV was the predominant co-infection type. Conclusion A variety of pathogens lead to children's lower respiratory tract infections in Shanghai. Different pathogens demonstrated different epidemiological pattern concerning seasons and ages distribution.

  • Influence of infection on Kawasaki disease and coronary artery lesions
  • ZHAO Chun-na, DU Zhong-dong
  • 2015 Vol. 10 (6): 454-457.
  • Abstract ( 761 ) PDF (565KB)( 1411 )
  • Objective To explore the influence of infection on Kawasaki disease (KD) and coronary artery lesions. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with KD treated at Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2005 to December 2014, the intercepted demographic information, clinical findings, echocardiography findings of acute and sequelae phase and outcomes. The typical KD, incomplete KD, IVIG resistance, the degree of coronary artery lesions and co-infection were re-screened for each case. The differences of clinical manifestations were analyzed between the infected group and non-infected group. The differences of infections were analyzed between the coronary artery lesions group and non-coronary lesions group. Results The proportion of KD combined with infection and KD combined with coronary artery lesions was 57.1% (1331/2 331) and 36.0%(840/2 331), respectively. There were significant differences in age, length of fever (days) and incomplete KD. There were significant differences in mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and gastrointestinal infections associated with diarrhea between the coronary artery lesions group and non-coronary lesions group (P values were 0.004 and 0.047, respectively). Conclusion This study showed that KD children with infection were common in patients below 1 year old and characterized by incomplete KD. KD children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and gastrointestinal infection associated with diarrhea were prone to develop coronary artery lesions.

  • CORM3 attenuates acute lung injury induced by LPS via inhibiting AECs apoptosis in neonatal rats
  • CAI Kang-xing, WANG Li, WANG Ting, LUO LI, CHEN Long, WANG Nan, SHI Yuan
  • 2015 Vol. 10 (6): 458-462.
  • Abstract ( 794 ) PDF (5347KB)( 1601 )
  • Objective To study the protective effects of CORM3 treatment on AECs apoptosis after LPS inducing acute lung injury in neonatal rats. Methods Thirty two SD neonate rats were divided equally into four groups, the control group, LPS group,CORM3 group and iCORM3 group. Neonate rat acute lung injury was induced by LPS intratracheal administration in LPS group, CORM3 group and iCORM3 group received treatment of itraperitoneal injection of saline, CORM3 and iCORM3 respectively. The control group received intraperitoneal injection of saline. Animals in each group were sacrificed after 12h modeling, the histopathologic changes were observed by HE staining, and lung tissue was seperated and weighed, wet and dry ratio of lung tissue was calculated, lung tissue damage was detected by BALF cell counting and protein quantitative analysis. Cultivated A549 cell apoptosis was induced by LPS in vitro, cell activity was determined by MTT test, cell apoptosis was watched by Tunel dyeing. Results Firstly, compared with the control group, the morphological structure of lung tissue was disordered in model group, alveoli were compressed, and a lot of inflammatory cells in filtrated in pulmonary interstitium. CORM3 group kept basic normal morphological structure, and inflammatory cells infiltrated in alveolar interstitium were less, the iCORM3 group was consistent with the LPS group in lung morphological structure and inflammatory cells infiltration. Secondly, compared with the control group, the W/D ratio, BALF cell number and protein content increased significantly in LPS group, and the number of AECs apoptosis was increased obviously[(37.3±4.5)% vs (3.0±1.0)%]. The A549 cells activity was decreased, and percentage of apoptosis cells increased significantly[(29.6±4.1)% vs (3.6±1.0)%, P<0.05],with a statistically significant difference. In CORM3 group compared with the LPS group, the W/D ratio, BALF cell number and protein content decreased obviously, and the number of AECs apoptosis was decreased[(19.3±4.6)%]. The A549 cells activity rebounded, and the rate of cells apoptosis[(15.3±4.5)%] decreased significantly, the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).There were no significant changes between the iCORM3 group and the CORM3 group in these indexes. Conclusion CORM3 attenuates neonate rat acute lung injury induced by LPS via inhibiting AECs apoptosis.

  • Current progress in animal models of autism spectrum disorders
  • HU Chun-chun, XU Xiu
  • 2015 Vol. 10 (6): 463-469.
  • Abstract ( 774 ) PDF (649KB)( 1796 )
  • ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, with different etiologies. .Generally, it’s a combination of environmental factors and genes. As a research tool, animal models play an important role in ASD research by using biological and genetic molecular defects inducement, to gain more understanding of the mechanism, behavioral phenotype, medication and intervention of the disease, thus raising hope to improve the quality life of autism individuals.