Abstract: Objective：To investigate the clinical outcome of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without in vitro T-cell depletion for children with acute leukemia. Methods：In Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 8, 2007 to May 4, 2015, 23 children with acute leukemia had been treated with haploidentical related hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without in vitro T-cell depletion, and 21 children with acute leukemia had been treated with matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Both groups used myeloablative preconditioning regime, and G-CSF mobilized hematopoietic stem cell. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine A, methotrexate with or without mycophenolate mofetil. To prevent hepatic vein occlusion disease (VOD), prostaglandin E combined with or without low molecular weight heparin was used. Results：All patients attained hematopoietic stem cell transplantation successfully. The median time of leukocyte recovery for haploidentical group and matched sibling group were (13.1 ±2.3) days and (12.5 ± 1.4) days, respectively(P>0.05). The median time of platelet recovery for haploidentical group and matched sibling group were (19.4 ± 8.0) days and (22.8 ± 7.7) days, respectively (P>0.05). The median follow-up time was (49.6 ± 30.3) months and (32.5 ± 31.6) months after transplantation, the overall survival rates were 69.5% (16/23) vs71.4% (15/21), the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Acute GVHD clinical grading (Ⅰ~Ⅳ) was 65.2% (15/23) in haploidentical group and 23.8% (5/21) in matched sibling group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion：It can be achieved the same clinical effect of haploidentical related hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without in vitro T-cell depletion in the treatment of children with leukemia, compared with matched sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The safety and efficacies of haploidentical group were close to the matched sibling group.