Abstract: Objective：To investigate the diagnosis key points of the rare complications after ventricular septal defect repair surgery by echocardiography. Methods：The echocardiography features of 34 cases with the rare complications diagnosed at Beijing Anzhen hospital after ventricular septal defect repair surgery between January 2013 and April 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Results：In 34 patients, 28 patients were diagnosed as left ventricular-right atrial communication, 3 patients was diagnosed as aortic valve perforation with regurgitation, 1 patient was diagnosed as left ventricular-right atrial communication and aortic valve perforation, 2 patients were diagnosed as aortic-left atrial tunnel. In 34 patients, 6 patients underwent correction surgery, 5 patients with left ventricular-right atrial communication were healed without surgery and 23 patients were still follow-up. The echocardiography characters of left ventricular-right atrial communication: (1) A small defect was showed between tricuspid septal leaflet and mitral anterior leaflet in four-chamber view of apex and subxiphorid. The defect located above tricuspid ring; (2) Color Doppler showed abnormal blood flow signal between left ventricle and right atrium; (3) Continuous-wave Doppler showed a high-velocity jet during systole. The echocardiography characters of aortic valve perforation: (1) A defect was showed on right coronary artery cusp or noncoronary artery cusp in the long axis view of left ventricle and artery short view; (2) Color Doppler showed aortic valve regurgitation originating from the defect. The echocardiography characters of aortic-left atrial tunnel: (1) Color Doppler showed abnormal blood flow signal between aorta and left atrium in the long axis view of left ventricle, artery short view and five-chamber view;(2) Continuous-wave Doppler showed a high-velocity jet during double phase. Conclusion：By scanning different views and closely combining the features of the blood flow frequency spectrum, the abnormal blood flow signal can be accurately diagnosed after ventricular septal defect repair surgery.