Abstract: Objective To analyze the risk factors of infantile aspiration pneumonia Methods We reviewed hospital patients with pneumonia who completed the salivagram in the clinic or after hospital ization in Children's Hospital of Fudan University in January 2016 to December 2018. The patients were classified into 2 groups according to the test results: case group (aspiration pneumonia group) and control group (non-aspiration pneumonia). The clinical features of the two groups were collected and compared to analyze the risk factors of infantile aspiration pneumonia. Results A total of 484 cases were included in this study, including 151 cases in the case group and 333 cases in the control group, with a positive rate of 31.2%. Previous history of pneumonia, milk choking, positive pathogen test, accompanied by neurological disease, upper airway disease, lower airway structural abnormality and genetic syndrome showed significant differences between the 2 groups.Logistic regression analysis showed that positive pathogen test (OR=2.033, 95%CI: 1.261-3.279), accompanied by neurological disease (OR=2.210, 95%CI: 1.318-3.707), upper airway disease (OR=2.408, 95%CI: 1.556-3.727), and genetic syndrome (OR=2.909, 95%CI: 1.265-6.692) were independent risk factors for aspiration pneumonia in infants. Conclusion The risk factors of aspiration pneumonia in infants included positive pathogen test, accompanied by neurological disease, upper airway disease and genetic syndrome.