Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) patients. Methods A retrospective, descriptive study was undertaken among pediatric TB patients admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital from January 2002 to December 2010. Clinical data including age, manifestation, type of TB and treatment were collected. Patients were classified into 3 group based on their history of BBC vaccination. Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the risk factors to the efficacy of TB treatment. Results ① Overall, 1 212 hospitalized TB children were enrolled. Distribution of types of TB in 9 years was similar. Main types of TB were pulmonary TB (45.5%, 552/1 212), extra-pulmonary TB (23.5%, 285/1 212 and hematogenous disseminated pulmonary TB(15.8%, 191/1 212). 57.2%(163/285) extra-pulmonary TB was mainly meningitis. ② The age of onset for all forms of TB showed a bimodal distribution, under 4 years old and 7-12 years old, accounting for 42.0% (509/1 212) and 30.5% (370/1 212) of the total cases respectively. Severe TB ( hematogenous disseminated pulmonary TB or tubercular meningitis) were mainly observed in infants, and the proportion gradually decreased with increasing age. ③ The proportion of severe TB in BCG-vaccinated patients was lower than that in non-vaccinated patients, 26.9% and 34.6% respectively(P=0.004). ④ TB treatment rate of success was related to sex and types of TB in children. Treatment rate of success was lower in females (77.8%) than in males (83.8%), P=0.015. Treatment rate of success was the highest in patients with Pulmonary TB (84.2%) and was the lowest in patients with hematogenous disseminated pulmonary TB (73.8%), P=0.006. Conclusions Pediatric TB was mainly observed in children under 4 years old. Compared with adults TB, children were more susceptible to extra-pulmonary TB and severe TB. Treatment outcome of pediatric TB was poor in severe TB patients and in females. BCG was effective in preventing severe TB especially in infants. BCG vaccination should be strengthened in order to prevent the occurrence of TB in young age children, especially the occurrence of severe TB.