Background：Thoracic fluid content (TFC) is a volume indicator derived from electrical cardiometry (EC) based on the standardization of thoracic basic impedance. It can reflect the total fluid content in intravascular areas, extravascular areas, and pleural tissue gaps. There are very few clinical studies using TFC to evaluate volume status during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in critically ill children at home and abroad.
Objective：To identify whether TFC can be used as an assessment indicator of volume status during CRRT and guide volume management during CRRT.
Design：Prognosis study.
Methods：Critically ill children with CRRT ≥ 24 hours in PICU were enrolled into the study. The internal jugular vein, femoral vein or subclavian vein double lumen tube were the vascular pathway for CRRT. We collected the baseline, laboratory, EC measurements, and clinical fluid status indicators. The occurrence of hemodynamic disturbance was taken as the outcome, including hypotension or arrhythmia, requiring volume expansion treatment, and the maximum inotropic score (ISmax) greater than IS. We evaluated the correlation between stroke volume variation (SVV), TFC, and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) with ultrafiltration volume at different time points of CRRT(start, 24 hours and end), and investigated whether volume indicators can predict the outcome.
Main outcome measures：Predictive factors for hemodynamic disturbance.
Results：A total of 43 children with 59 CRRTs were included into the analysis. Compared with the beginning of CRRT, there was a statistically significant difference in TFC, Hct, and Hb at 24 hours of CRRT (P<0.05). Compared with the start of CRRT, there was a statistically significant difference in SVV, TFC, ICON, BNP, Hct, Scr, BUN, Hb, and ALB (P<0.05) at the end of CRRT. FO is significantly positively correlated with TFC and SVV at the start of CRRT. There is a significant positive correlation between ultrafiltration volume/body weight and TFC (start), and a significant negative correlation with ΔTFC(24 h), ΔTFC(end), TFCd0% (24 h) and TFCd0%(end). The ultrafiltration rate was positively correlated with SVV, TFC, BNP at the start of CRRT,and was negatively correlated with ΔTFC(24 h),ΔTFC(end), and TFCd0% (24 h). The balance/weight was positively correlated with ΔTFC(24 h),ΔTFC(end), TFCd0% (24 h), TFCd0%(end) and ΔBNP(end), and was negatively correlated with BNP (start). A total of 33 hemodynamic disturbance events occurred during CRRT. There is a statistical difference in BNP (start), ΔBNP(end), ultrafiltration rate, TFCd0% (24 h) between groups with and without adverse hemodynamic events. Multivariate analysis showed that TFCd0%（24 h）≤-3.64 kΩ-1（OR=8.84，95%CI：1.16~67.44，P=0.036）and ΔBNP(end)≤-133.8 pg·mL-1（OR=5.67，95%CI：1.24~26.03，P=0.007）were more likely to cause hemodynamic disorders.
Conclusion：TFC can be used to monitor the fluid status of critically ill children during CRRT treatment. TFCd0%≤-3.64 kΩ-1 after 24 hours of CRRT can be a predictive factor for hemodynamic disturbance.
Background：The severity of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is related to the formation of mucus plugs (MUP) in the airway, but the current MUP detection mainly depends on bronchoscopy.
Objective：To establish a nomogram predictive model based on clinical features and plasma cytokines for airway MUP formation in MPP children.
Design：Case-control study.
Methods：Children who were diagnosed as MPP and underwent bronchoscopy were classified into MUP and non-MUP groups. Clinical features, inflammatory markers and cytokines in both plasma and BALF were collected. Univariate analysis was performed to identify statistically significant clinical features, inflammatory markers, and cytokine risk factors between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between inflammatory markers, plasma cytokines and BALF cytokines and to exclude collinearity issues. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to assess the predictive performance of a multivariable logistic regressionbased predictive model using the R package of RMS.
Main outcome measures：Predictive efficacy of the nomogram model for predicting the probability of airway mucus plug formation in children with MPP.
Results：A total of 263 children with MPP were included in the analysis, including 134 males and 129 females, with an average age of (7.0 ± 0.2) years. There were 82 (31.2%) cases in the MUP group and 181 cases in the non-MUP group. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the two groups in age, maximum temperature before bronchoscopy, decreased breath sounds upon auscultation at admission, chest CT showing pulmonary consolidation, imaging suggesting pleural effusion, extrapulmonary complications, proportion of severe pneumonia, neutrophil percentage, CRP, PCT, D-dimer, LDH, IgA, lymphocyte percentage, and ALT. Cytokine analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups in levels of IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ in plasma, as well as in levels of IL-1β, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in BALF. Spearman correlation analysis showed there was no collinearity in neutrophil percentage, CRP, PCT, LDH, D-dimer, IgA, plasma IFN-γ, plasma IL-6, plasma IL-5, and plasma IL-8; there was a certain correlation between blood inflammatory markers and BALF cytokines; plasma cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-5, and IL-8) were positively correlated with their corresponding BALF cytokines. The nomogram predictive model for the formation of airway mucus plugs in MPP patients, based on age, pleural effusion, D-dimer, and plasma IFN-γ levels, had an AUC of 0.817 (95% CI: 0.747-0.889) with the sensitivity of 79.0% and specificity of 69.1%.
Conclusion：The nomogram predictive model based on age, pleural effusion, D-dimer, and plasma IFN-γ levels had a good predictive performance for the formation of airway mucus plugs in MPP patients.
Background：There are few reports about the outcomes of neonatal hyperthyrotropin (HT) in China.
Objective：To investigate the outcome and influencing factors of HT in neonatal intensive care units (NICU).
Design：Case-control study.
Methods：Consecutive cases of HT infants were enrolled in the NICU of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2021. The inclusion criteria were as follows: the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was 6-20 mU·L-1at the first test between 3 and 21 days after birth and the free thyroxine (FT4) was within the normal range. During the follow-up after discharge, TSH<6 mU·L-1 was considered as the normal level and TSH≥10 mU·L-1 was the indicator for levothyroxine (LT4) as needed. A dosage less than 3 μg·kg-1·d-1 could be an indicator for considering discontinuation of LT4 treatment. The administration could be stopped if TSH was tested normal in the re-examination 1 month later.
Main outcome measures：The influencing factors of abnormal TSH levels at 3 months of age (90±15 days) and LT4 treatment discontinuation at the age of 3 years.
Results：A total of 836 neonates were included in this study. At 3 months of age, 390 cases were lost to followup or unable to be assessed. Normal thyroid function was found in 304 cases ［TSH: 3.6 (2.7,4.5) mU·L-1, FT4:18.3 (15.6,20.4) pmol·L-1］, and thyroid dysfunction was found in 142 cases［TSH: 17.7 (9.6,22.1) mU·L-1, FT4 is 15.7 (13.3,19.4) pmol·L-1］. The influencing factors of thyroid dysfunction were female (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.07-2.64), cesarean section (OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.32-0.83), maternal thyroid disease during pregnancy (OR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.15-0.67), comorbid congenital malformation or syndrome (OR=7.92, 95%CI: 2.22-28.25), infectious disease at admission (OR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.33-0.96). At the age of 3 years, among 142 children with thyroid dysfunction, 18 (12.6%) were lost to follow-up, 48 (33.8%) turned into normal TSH levels without taking LT4, and 45 out of 76 cases taking LT4 stopped the administration and 31 still continued the treatment. The risk of not being able to discontinue LT4 treatment before the age of 3 years was 4.89 times higher in infants with congenital malformations or syndromes compared to those without the comorbidity (OR=4.89, 95% CI: 1.06-22.57).
Conclusion：Special attention should be paid to the follow-up of thyroid function in HT infants in the NICU, especially for female infants and those with comorbid congenital malformations or syndromes.
Background：There is limited research on long-term follow-up studies of isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) from the fetal to postnatal period at home and abroad.
Objective：To provide data support for prenatal counseling and prognosis assessment of isolated VSD.
Design：Retrospective cohort study.
Methods：This study included children with isolated VSD, who were diagnosed at the outpatient clinic of the Cardiac Center of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 and had regular postnatal follow-up and documented records. Those with maternal termination of pregnancy, chromosomal or genetic abnormalities (identified through amniocentesis or umbilical blood sampling), or those who were lost to follow-up for more than 1 year were excluded. A routine follow-up form was established to collect the maternal age, gestational age, VSD diameter and location, and aortic diameter during the first echocardiographic examination. Follow-up echocardiograms were conducted within 48 hours after birth, at 3 months, at 6 months, and annually thereafter, until March 31, 2023. Patients were categorized into the spontaneous closure group, surgical closure group, and persistent defect group.
Main outcome measures：Closure rate and closure time of isolated VSD for spontaneous or surgical closure.
Results：A total of 264 cases were included in this study, including 154 cases (58.3%) in the spontaneous closure group, 78 cases (29.5%) in the surgical closure group, and 32 cases (12.1%) in the persistent defect group. The males were 109（41.3%）. At the time of VSD detection, the gestational age of the fetus was 28.3 (20-38) weeks, and the defect diameter was 2.6 (1.0-7.5) mm. There were 75 cases of muscular VSD (28.4%), 186 cases of perimembranous VSD (70.5%) and 3 cases of subarterial VSD. In total, 60 cases were large (22.7%), 179 cases were medium (67.8%), and 25 cases were small (9.5%).The 264 cases were followed up for 7 (0.1-69) months. The closure time was 8 (0-48) months in the spontaneous closure group and 4 (1-53) months in the surgical closure group.The time of followup was 45 (38-69) months in the persistent defect group. The proportions of musclar VSD and small VSD in the spontaneous closure group were higher than those in the surgical closure group and the persistent defect group. The proportions of perimembranous VSD and large VSD, R-value and defect diameter in the spontaneous closure group were lower than those in the surgical closure group and the persistent defect group. The follow-up time of the spontaneous closure group was longer than that of the surgical closure group and shorter than that of the persistent defect group, and the differences were statistically significant. The spontaneous closure rates of muscular VSD and perimembranous VSD were 92.0% and 45.7%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference. The spontaneous closure rates of large VSD, medium VSD and small VSD were 26.7%, 63.1% and 100%, respectively, and the differences of spontaneous closure rates between small and medium VSD,and between small and large VSD were statistically significant. In the surgical close group of 78 patients, 23 cases of medium VSD (12.8% of all medium VSD cases) progressed to large VSD by the time of operation.
Conclusion：Perimembranous VSD was the most common type of VSD in fetuses, followed by muscular VSD. Spontaneous closure was observed in 58.3% of VSD cases, with higher rates in muscular VSD and small VSD. An increase in size was observed in 12.8% of medium VSD cases after birth.
Background：The clinical characteristics of neonatal vocal cord paralysis (VCP) and the factors influencing shortterm prognosis remain uncertain.
Objective：To investigate the factors influencing the discharge outcomes of neonatal VCP.
Design：Retrospective cohort study.
Methods：The study included neonates diagnosed with VCP by medical history, clinical signs, and bronchoscopy results in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Jinan Children's Hospital between April 2013 and January 2022. The cases were divided into two groups: the improved discharge group (those who did not require invasive ventilation and were able to suckle independently at discharge) and the nonimproved discharge group. The data collected for univariate analysis included maternal data of age, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, mode of delivery, premature rupture of membranes, nuchal cord, umbilical cord torsion, and amniotic fluid conditions; neonatal data of gender, gestational age, birth weight, 1minute Apgar score, associated malformations, and laryngeal obstruction; VCP etiology of birth injury, neurogenic, iatrogenic, and idiopathic; unilateral VCP and bilateral VCP (complete paralysis and incomplete paralysis) by bronchoscopy; and prognosis at the time of discharge. Variables with a P-value <0.10 in the univariate analysis were included as independent variables in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Main outcome measures：Factors influencing the improved discharge.
Results：A total of 133 cases of neonatal VCP were included in the analysis. The age of the first bronchoscopy examination was 6 (4, 12) days, the admission age was 13.0 (3.0, 20.5) days, and the gestational age was 39.0 (38.0, 40.0) weeks. There were 71 cases (53.4%) with associated malformations, 43 cases (32.3%) with unilateral VCP and 90 cases with bilateral VCP including 57 cases of incomplete paralysis and 33 cases of complete paralysis. The improved discharge group consisted of 96 cases (72.2%), while the non-improved discharge group had 37 cases, including 28 cases with difficulty weaning, 8 cases with tracheostomy (7 cases of bilateral incomplete paralysis and 1 case of bilateral complete paralysis). All tracheostomized patients were successfully weaned from positive pressure ventilation and discharged. Among them, 4 cases had restored vocal cord mobility within 9 months, and the remaining 4 cases were lost to follow-up. Thirty-seven cases had feeding-swallowing-breathing coordination disorders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on variables with a P-value <0.10 in the univariate analysis, including cesarean section, polyhydramnios, birth weight, low Apgar score, neurogenic injury, laryngeal obstruction, and type of vocal cord paralysis. The results showed that bilateral incomplete paralysis was a negative factor for improved discharge in neonates with VCP (OR=6.785, 95% CI: 2.191-21.013, P=0.001).
Conclusion：Neonates with bilateral VCP, especially for the incomplete ones have poorer discharge outcomes, and tracheostomy can be used as a palliative treatment option.
Background：Changes in diastolic function are usually the first to occur when there is abnormal cardiac function. Currently, although there are many studies on ventricular systolic function, there is limited research on the changes in left ventricular diastolic function in congenital heart disease (CHD).
Objective：To assess left ventricular diastolic function indices of CHD with lefttoright shunt before and after interventional therapy using echocardiography.
Design：Selfcontrolled beforeafter trial.
Methods：The case group of this study included pediatric patients under 18 years old who were diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), ventricular septal defect (VSD), or atrial septal defect (ASD) and underwent interventional treatment at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Patients with complex CHD, congenital developmental abnormalities, or genetic metabolic diseases were excluded from the study. Healthy children were recruited as the control group. Multiplesectional echocardiographic scans were performed on the lower sternal border, parasternal area, and suprasternal area to collect left ventricular diastolic function parameters (including left ventricular structure, blood flow spectrum for mitral valve and pulmonary veins, and tissue Doppler motion spectrum for mitral annular) as well as general information (age, height, weight, body surface area) during the ultrasound examination. Left ventricular function parameters in the case group were compared within 1 week before intervention surgery, 1 day after the surgery, and 1 month after the surgery to analyze the changes by taking the parameters of healthy children as the reference.
Main outcome measures：Recovery levels of left atrial volume index (LAVI), early diastolic mitral flow peak velocity(E)/late diastolic mitral flow peak velocity(A) ratio, E/early diastolic mitral annular peak velocity at ventricular septum(E') ratio, and E/early diastolic mitral annular peak velocity at lateral wall(e') ratio after interventional therapy.
Results：A total of 163 cases of CHD patients were included. There were 60 cases in the PDA subgroup, 42 cases in the VSD subgroup, and 61 cases in the ASD subgroup. A total of 61 healthy children were recruited for the control group. The PDA and VSD subgroups had significantly lower age, height, weight, and BSA compared to the control group. In the PDA, VSD, and ASD subgroups, LAVI, E/A ratio, E/e' ratio and E/E' ratio for mitral annular by tissue Doppler motion spectrum were significantly higher than those in the control group before the procedure with statistical significance. These indices decreased 1 day after the procedure and returned to the level of the control group 1 month after the procedure. The pulmonary vein flow spectrum D showed a decreasing trend before the procedure, 1 day after the procedure, and 1 month after the procedure, with a lower level in the control group 1 month after the procedure.
Conclusion：Echocardiography can be used as an assessment tool for left ventricular diastolic function in children with common left-to-right shunt type CHD. There are varying degrees of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in PDA, VSD, and ASD, which can be improved by interventional treatment, and can recover to almost normal levels after 1 month.
Background：Premature infants are prone to hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA), which can lead to changes in cerebral blood flow parameters. However, there is limited research on the recovery of cerebral blood flow after ductus arteriosus ligation.
Objective：To analyze the impact of hsPDA on cerebral blood flow in premature infants and the recovery of cerebral blood flow after ductus arteriosus ligation using bedside transcranial Doppler ultrasound measurements.
Design：Case series report.
Methods：Cases who were diagnosed with hsPDA, born at a gestational age of less than 37 weeks, and admitted to the NICU of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children's Hospital from July 2022 to January 2023, were selected from the HIS system as the case group. The control group consisted of infants with gestational age<37 weeks at the same period in NICU who were confirmed to have no PDA by echocardiography after 72 hours of birth. Cases with concurrent cyanotic or complex congenital heart diseases, severe intracranial hemorrhage or hydrocephalus, and cases undergoing surgical treatment for intestinal infection, necrosis, and perforation were excluded from both groups. Cerebral blood flow parameters of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and basilar artery (BA) were measured using echocardiography.
Main outcome measures：Blood flow parameters of MCA and BA after ductus arteriosus ligation.
Results：There were twenty-eight cases in the case group. Arterial duct closure was achieved through medical treatment in 7 cases and surgical intervention in 21 cases. Fourteen cases （50%）were male, and the internal diameter of the PDA was measured to be 2.77±0.53 mm. The control group consisted of 30 cases, and 14 cases (46.7%) were male. No statistically significant differences were found in gender, birth weight, and age between the two groups. The gestational age at birth in the case group was lower than that in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant. For the MCA and BA, the preoperative systolic peak flow velocity (Vs) between the case group and control group had no statistically significant differences; the enddiastolic velocity (Vd) in the case group were lower compared to that in the control group; the preoperative resistance index (RI) and the ratio of Vs to Vs (S/D) were both higher in the case group than that in the control group. These differences were statistically significant. The cerebral blood flow parameters (Vs, Vd, RI and S/D) of MCA and BA in case group after surgery (within 72 hours after PDA ligation surgery in 21 cases) have no statistically significant differences compared to that in the control group.
Conclusion：hsPDA causes the abnormities of blood flow parameters in the anterior and posterior circulation of cerebral artery in premature infants. After ductus arteriosus ligation, cerebral blood flow can rapidly recover.
Background：The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) is an open database. After the outbreak of COVID-19, it is important to further evaluate the potential safety signals associated with the use of ibuprofen and acetaminophen. This is crucial for improving safety and protecting public health.
Objective：To provide references for the clinical discovery, prevention, and management of adverse events (AEs) in children by performing signal detection of AEs related to ibuprofen and acetaminophen in children using the FAERS database.
Design：Data mining analysis.
Methods：The OpenVigil 2.1 software was used to extract AE reports with ibuprofen or acetaminophen as primary or secondary suspect drugs in patients aged ≤17 years, without restriction on gender or country. The reporting odds ratio (ROR) and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) were used for signal detection. The AE reports were analyzed based on gender, country, year, and age groups (≤3 years, -11 years, and -17 years). The detected potential risk signals were classified according to SystemOrgan Classes (SOC) based on the Preferred Terms in the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. The changes in strong and mediumstrong potential risk signals were analyzed before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Main outcome measures：Strong and mediumstrong potential risk signals before and after COVID-19.
Results：A total of 7,552 (53.5 percent) reports were related to ibuprofen and 6,562 reports were related to acetaminophen in the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2022. The number of AE reports for acetaminophen was higher in females, while the number of AE reports for ibuprofen was higher in males, with statistically significant differences. The number of AE reports for ibuprofen was higher than that for acetaminophen in the ≤3 years and -11 years age groups, while the number of AE reports for acetaminophen was higher than that for ibuprofen in the -17 years age group, with statistically significant differences. The United States accounted for 42.8% of ibuprofen-related AE reports and 41.7% of acetaminophen-related AE reports. Among the top 10 countries reporting AE, except for the United States and China, all were European countries. There were 358 potential risk signals for ibuprofen, including 2 strong signals, 58 medium-strong signals, and 298 weak signals. For acetaminophen, there were 283 potential risk signals, including 6 strong signals, 48 medium-strong signals, and 229 weak signals. Ibuprofen had more signals detected in the gastrointestinal system, skin and subcutaneous tissue, infectious and parasitic diseases, renal and urinary system, respiratory system, thorax, and mediastinum, and eye disorders by SOC compared to acetaminophen. Acetaminophen had more signals detected in the hepatobiliary system, psychiatric disorders, investigations, general disorders and administration site conditions, and nervous system disorders by SOC compared to ibuprofen. Three strong signals for ibuprofen were detected before the COVID-19 pandemic, including angioedema, extra dose administered, and accidental exposure to product. No strong signals were detected after the pandemic. However, attention should be paid to the change from weak to medium-strong signals in renal interstitial nephritis, acute kidney injury, nephrotic syndrome, toxic nephropathy, and membranous glomerulonephritis in the renal and urinary system disorders by SOC. Four strong signals for acetaminophen were detected before COVID-19, including liver necrosis, liver injury, acute liver failure, and liver failure. No strong signals were detected after the pandemic. However, attention should be paid to the medium-strong signals of suicide attempt, drug dependence, and drug abuse in the psychiatric disorders by SOC.
Conclusion：Physicians, pharmacists, and patients are encouraged to actively report potential safety signals associated with the use of ibuprofen and acetaminophen, as there is an increased risk of renal adverse events with ibuprofen and an increased risk of intentional poisoning and suicide events with acetaminophen.
Background：The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version scale (SNAP-Ⅳ) is the most widely used assessment tool for evaluating the core symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. However, there is still a lack of systematic review of the measurement properties of the SNAP-Ⅳ scale, which may introduce bias and potentially affect the assessment validity of the measurement tool.
Objective：To evaluate the measurement properties of the SNAP-Ⅳ based on the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN), and to provide evidence-based measurement instrument recommendations for the screening, diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of children with ADHD.
Design：Systematic review.
Methods：Related literature was systematically searched in databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science from the inception to April 21, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, and the measurement properties of the SNAP-Ⅳ scale were objectively evaluated according to the COSMIN manual.
Main outcome measures：Content validity and internal consistency of the SNAP-Ⅳ scale.
Results：A total of 14 studies involving 6 language versions were included. The content validity of the SNAP-Ⅳ scale was rated as "sufficient" (moderate quality evidence) in terms of relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility. However, there was no reported content on the development of the SNAP-Ⅳ scale. The parent and teacher versions of the SNAP-Ⅳ scale showed "sufficient" internal consistency (high-quality evidence). There was no high-quality evidence indicating "insufficient" measurement properties. The overall recommendation was classified as level A.
Conclusion：The SNAP-Ⅳ scale is recommended for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment evaluation of children with ADHD, and its results can be considered reliable.
Background：Matching health and health-related information with International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, known more commonly as ICF can be helpful to describe and compare quantitative data, qualitative research results and patient report results. However, there are few literature about children and adolescents in this field.
Objective：To provide support and suggestions for Clinical Practice Guidelines for Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CANDLEP) by identifying the location, link, code of health and health-related information about children and adolescents in ICF for children and youth (ICF-CY) .
Design：Scoping review.
Methods：Literature was searched by using the keywords of "ICF" and "relate" in English databases of PubMed, Embase(Ovid), Cochrane and Chinese databases of SinoMed, CNKI and WanFang. Literature features were extracted from those matching health and health-related information with ICF-CY by six people with Fleiss kappa of 0.80.
Main outcome measures：The matched content, the quality control of matching, presentation of matched results, the ICF-CY code distribution of matched cerebral palsy-related literature.
Results：A total of 136 articles were enrolled in this scoping review. Among 110 articles focusing on specific populations, 31 were related to cerebral palsy; 107 used matching rules to promote quality control; 84 adopted the matching rules proposed by Cieza et al., among which 73 used the 2005 edition; and 93 reported the matching reliability. The matched content involved evaluation, intervention objectives, intervention methods, and outcome assessment. In 71 articles evaluation tools were matched with ICF-CY code. Frequency, breadth and density were main indicators for matched results report. Matched codes for cerebral palsy were mainly activities and participation.
Conclusion：Matching health and health-related information about children and adolescents with ICF-CY is an important means to promote the clinical implementation of ICF-CY. Cerebral palsy has received the most attention within included articles focusing on population, which provides valuable evidence for the elaboration of ICF-CY elements in CANDLEP development.
