Abstract: Objective To assess the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children and adolescents in China. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Samples were selected from districts or counties having work relationships with the province, autonomous region and municipality where members of Chinese Cooperative Group for the Management of Pediatric Enuresis Affiliated to Pediatric Nephrology Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association come. The survey respondents were parents or other caregivers of students in the kindergarten, primary school, junior high school and senior high school. This survey was conducted through an online questionnaire. In this survey, people aged ≥ 5 years with bedwetting ≥ 1 time in 3 months were diagnosed as NE. The bedwetting was defined as urination in bed or pants during night sleep. This survey was conducted from April 20 to May 12, 2017 among children and adolescents aged from 5 to 18 years in China. The children and adolescents were divided into 4 groups: the kindergarten (5-6 years old), primary school (7-12 years old), junior high school (13-15 years old) and senior high school (16-18 years old) group. The sample size in each district or county was more than 3,073.A self-designed questionnaire was used. This article mainly analyzed basic demographic information and bedwetting events. Parents or caregivers of children or adolescents filled out questionnaires on mobile phones or other devices with WeChat. Results In this survey, 225 schools were selected from 34 counties or districts of 24 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities including 82 kindergartens, 61 primary schools, 49 junior high schools and 33 senior high schools. A total of 129,952 people were sampled and 100,071 effective questionnaires (77.0%) were included into the analysis. Among them, 52,074 were from boys with the average age of 11.0±3.4 years; Han population accounted for 92.5% and the proportion of kindergarten, primary school, junior high school and senior high school group was about 1∶5∶2∶1. Based on this survey, the overall prevalence of NE among children and adolescents in China was 4.8%(4,821/100,071). The prevalence of NE in children or adolescents from kindergarten, primary school, junior high school and senior high school group was 12.1%, 5.1%, 1.1% and 1.4% respectively and the prevalence among boys was higher than that among girls in each age group. The prevalence of NE in the north，northeast, east, south central, southwest and northwest of China was 4.2%, 3.7%, 4.6%, 5.8%, 5.1% and 4.9% respectively after the standardization according to the proportion of four age groups. Among 4,821 patients with NE, mild, moderate and severe enuresis accounted for 81.4%, 13.5% and 5.1%, respectively and the rate of severe enuresis in kindergarten, primary school, junior high school and senior high school group was 6.9%, 3.7%, 5.3% and 10.0%, repectively. Conclusion In China, the prevalence of NE in students from kindergarten, primary school, junior high school and senior high school group was 12.1%, 5.1%, 1.1% and 1.4% respectively, and the overall prevalence of NE in children and adolescents was 4.8%. The proportion of severe enuresis was higher in the kindergarten and high school.