Abstract: Objective To summarize the therapeutic effects of BCH-AML05 protocol on childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and explore how to improve the event-free survival (EFS) rate. Methods The clinical characteristics and therapeutic effects of the patients who were newly diagnosed as AML and treated with BCH-AML05 protocol at Beijing Children's Hospitol from January 2005 to June 2014 were retrespectively studied. Survival rates were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method with SPSS 19. Results A total of 185 patients were included in the study and divided into groups of LR (low risk, 47 cases), MR (moderate risk, 90 cases) and HR (high risk, 48 cases). The median follow-up time was 24 (0.5-129) months. Among the 185 patients, 106 (57.3%) achieved complete remission (CR) after one course treatment and 45 achieved CR after the second course treatment. The total CR rate was 81.6%. The 8-year overall survival (OS) rate was (66.2±4.2)% and the EFS rate was (54.1±5.5)%. The 8-year OS and EFS rates for LR, MR and HR patients were (65.7±10.4)% and (57.2±8.5)%, (70.3±5.2)% and (60.2±7.4)%, and (51.6±10.1)% and (31.3±14.5)%, respectively. The 8-year OS and EFS rates of 34 patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were (73.5±9.5)% and (67.7±9.9)%, respectively. Relapse occurred in 36 patients (19.5%) with a median time of 10 months( 3.5-53 months). Fifty-two （28.1%) patients died, including 20 cases (10.8%) of chemotherapy related death, 11 cases (5.9%) of induced failure related death and 18 cases (9.7%) of relapse related death. The early mortality rate was 5.4%. Among them, 154 patients were tested for Flt3 gene mutation including 16 (10.4%) positive cases with 6 (37.5%) of CR after induced chemotherapy and 11 (68.8%) of death. Conclusion BCH-AML05 protocol was effective for childern with AML. Accurate stratification of risk level could increase the long-term survival rate. Children with high-risk AML should receive HSCT as soon as possible.