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中国循证儿科杂志

中国循证儿科杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 197-203.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国0~18岁儿童青少年坐高和下肢长生长参照标准值及生长曲线

张亚钦, 李辉, 宗心南   

  1. 首都儿科研究所生长发育研究室  北京，100020
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-26 修回日期:2021-04-23 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 李辉

Growth reference standards and growth charts of sitting height and leg length for Chinese children and adolescents aged 0-18 years

ZHANG Yaqin, LI Hui, ZONG Xinnan   

  1. Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
  • Received:2021-03-26 Revised:2021-04-23 Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-06-25
  • Contact: LI Hui

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摘要： 背景：坐高和下肢长是线性生长评价中的有用指标，但我国儿童青少年这两个指标的生长参照标准值及标准化生长曲线并未完整公布。 目的：研究和制定中国儿童青少年坐高和下肢长的生长参照标准及曲线，供临床医学及其他相关领域参照使用。 设计：横断面调查。 方法：采用2005年“中国九市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查”和“全国学生体质与健康调研”中九省（市）城区92 494名0~18岁健康儿童青少年的身高和坐高测量数据，以身高减去坐高计算获得下肢长，应用LMS方法制定坐高（顶臀长）和下肢长的生长参照标准值及标准化生长曲线。 主要结局指标：坐高和下肢长的生长参照标准值。 结果：①建立了0~18岁男、女童坐高和下肢长的百分位和标准差单位参照标准值，并绘制了两项指标的标准化生长曲线。②坐高生后第1年增长约14 cm，第2和3年分别增长约6 cm和4 cm，之后每年以2~3 cm幅度稳定增长，男童11~13岁、女童9~11岁坐高增速略提高，之后增速减慢，男童17岁、女童15岁基本停止增长。③下肢长生后第1年增长11~12 cm，第2年增长约6.5 cm，2~5岁以每年4~5 cm幅度增长，之后每年以3~4 cm增长，男、女童分别在15岁和13岁基本停止增长。 结论：建立的坐高和下肢长的生长参照标准值与标准化生长曲线，进一步完善了我国儿童青少年生长发育评价标准的指标体系。

关键词: 儿童青少年, 坐高, 下肢长, 参照标准, 生长曲线

Abstract: Background: Sitting height and leg length are the useful indicators for the linear growth evaluation of children and adolescents, but the growth reference standards of the two indicators have not been reported. Objective: To study and formulate the growth reference of sitting height and leg length of Chinese children and adolescents aged 0-18 years. Design: A cross-sectional survey. Methods: Stature and sitting height of 92,494 healthy urban children aged 0-18 years were measured in two national surveys in 2005 in China—The National Survey on the Physical Growth and Development of Children in the Nine Cities of China (NSPGDC) and The Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH). Leg length was calculated by height minus sitting height. Growth reference standards of sitting height and leg length were constructed using the LMS method. Main outcome measures: Reference values of sitting height and leg length. Results: The percentile and the Z-scores reference values of sitting height and leg length for Chinese boys and girls aged 0-18 years were shown and their growth charts were drawn. Sitting height increased about 14 cm, 6 cm and 4 cm during the first, second and third year after birth, respectively. After that, the annual increment of sitting height is nearly 2-3 cm. Then the increments became slightly higher at 11-13 years for boys and 9-11 years for girls and gradually became smaller and smaller. Sitting height nearly stopped increasing at the age of 17 years for boys and 15 years for girls. Leg length increased respectively about 11-12 cm and 6.5 cm during the first and second year after birth, then the annual increment was 4-5 cm during 2-5 years, and leg length stopped increasing nearly at 15 years for boys and 13 years for girls. Conclusion: The growth reference standards of sitting height and leg length were formulated, which provide more data and reference for perfecting the growth evaluation system of children and adolescents in China.

Key words: Children and adolescents, Sitting height, Leg length, Growth reference, Growth chart