Abstract: Objective：To study the clinical characteristics of raoultella ornithinolytica infection in children. Methods：The clinical features and drug susceptibility data of 5 cases with raoultella ornithinolytica infection were retrospectively analyzed and related literatures were reviewed. Results：Three of them were males and 2 females, aged from 3 months to 16 years. The primary diseases of 2 cases were congenital malformation, 2 were immunological related diseases and 1 was craniocerebral malignant tumor. Four children had mechanical ventilation history. Four cases had fever; 3 cases were positive for blood culture and 2 were positive for sputum culture. The leucocyte increased in 3 cases and decreased in 1 case. Two children were treated with ciprofloxacin, 1 with amikacin, and 2 with cephalosporin antibiotics. All of them were improved and discharged. Nine cases were retrieved from PubMed、Web of Science and 3 domestic databases, together with our 5 cases, 14 cases were analyzed. The primary diseases of the older children were mainly neoplastic related and immune related diseases, while infants and young children were mostly complicated with congenital malformation. Fever was the main symptom, neonatal infection was mainly manifested by dyspnea and hypoxemia, with multiple skin flushes and systemic erythema. Leukocyte usually increased obviously. Of 14 cases, 6 were ventilator-assisted, 5 had indwelling urethral catheters, 3 had surgical treatment or chemotherapy, and 1 had blood purification for many times. Blood culture was the main method of identification, which was highly sensitive to the three generation of cephalosporin, meropenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. The prognosis was generally good, while patients with sepsis had multifunctional organ failure and died. Conclusion：Blood infecton is the main route of raoultella ornithinolytica in children. High risk population including patients with congenital multiple abnormalities, tumor and immunedeficiency, while invasive operations would increase the risk of infection. Early etiology identification is helpful to diagnosis and treatment, antibiotics preferred three generations of cephalosporins, carbapenems, quinolone and aminoglycoside. Patients with sepsis mostly had poor prognosis.