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中国循证儿科杂志

中国循证儿科杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (5): 325-333.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5501.2023.05.001

• 论著 •    下一篇

中国0~5.5岁汉语母语儿童语言发育里程碑

吴赛双1,赵瑾1,王海娃1,潘昊1,张云婷2,江帆1   

  1. 国家儿童医学中心，上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心上海，200127；1 发育行为儿科，2 儿童健康管理研究所
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-12 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-10-25
  • 通讯作者: 张云婷；江帆

Language development milestones in Chinese children aged 0 to 5.5 years in China: A cross-sectional survey

WU Saishuang1, ZHAO Jin1, WANG Haiwa1, PAN Hao1, ZHANG Yunting2, JIANG Fan1   

  1. National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China;1 Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics; 2 Child Health Advocacy Institute

  • Received:2023-09-12 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-10-25
  • Contact: ZHANG Yunting, email: edwinazhang@hotmail.com; JIANG Fan, email: fanjiang@shsmu.edu.cn

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摘要： 背景：构建语言发育里程碑并收集里程碑数据不仅是语言发育监测的关键步骤，也是语言筛查和诊断工具研发的前期基础。 目的：构建中国0~5.5岁汉语母语儿童语言发育里程碑，为汉语儿童语言发育监测以及筛查诊断工具研发提供参考依据。 设计：横断面调查。 方法：基于现有发育评估工具和国内外文献，通过专家咨询、认知访谈后建立语言发育里程碑条目库。于2022年10~11月，按地域及经济发展水平分层选取浙江、四川、辽宁、江西、海南5个省1 976名0~6岁儿童，分为13个月龄组。采用城乡、性别、年龄段分层的方法，以家长报告的形式分别在社区（<36月龄）和幼儿园（≥36月龄）进行发育里程碑数据采集。采用项目反应理论模型对不同年龄组儿童语言发育里程碑特征进行描述性分析，并进行中英文条目及数据比较。 主要结局指标：应答率，项目功能差异，模型拟合度，各条目通过概率为25%、50%、75%时估计的发育月龄。 结果：共有63个语言发育里程碑条目被纳入条目库。经过数据清洗，1 659名儿童被纳入数据分析，其中男827名，女832名，年龄（2.5±1.9）岁。63个语言里程碑的条目应答率均高于99%，3个条目呈现出了母亲教育程度上的项目功能差异，14个条目呈现出模型拟合度不佳。 结论：应用项目反应理论模型建立的0~5.5岁汉语语言发育里程碑，较好地描述了汉语母语儿童语言发育轨迹，为未来汉语母语儿童语言发育工具的开发、语言发育的临床监测和相关神经机制研究提供了有益指导。

关键词: 儿童, 语言发育, 里程碑

Abstract: Background：Constructing language development milestones and collecting milestone data are not only key steps in language development monitoring, but also the preliminary basis for the development of language screening and diagnostic tools. Objective：To construct language development milestones for Chinese-speaking children aged 0 to 5.5 years, providing a reference basis for language development screening and diagnostic tool development. Design：Cross-sectional survey. Methods：Based on existing developmental assessment tools and literature, a language development milestone item pool was established through expert consultation and cognitive interviews. From October 2022 to November 2022, 1,976 children aged 0 to 6 years were sampled from five provinces including Zhejiang, Sichuan, Liaoning, Jiangxi, and Hainan. Using stratification by urban and rural areas, gender, and age groups, developmental milestone data were collected through parent reports in both primary care settings (age <36 months) and kindergartens (age ≥36 months). The characteristics of language development milestones for children in different age groups were analysed descriptively using an item response theory model. Data comparisons were conducted between the data collected in the current study for Chinese-speaking children and data obtained from other published research on English-speaking children. Main outcome measures：Response rate, different item function, model fit, and estimated developmental age of each item when passing probabilities is 25%, 50%, and 75%. Results：A total of 63 language development milestone items were included in the item pool. After data cleaning, 1 659 children were included in the data analysis, including 827 boys and 832 girls, with an average age of (2.5±1.9) years. The response rate for all 63 language milestones was higher than 99%. Three items showed different item function based on maternal education, and 14 items showed poor model fit. Conclusions：The language development milestones for Chinese-speaking children aged 0 to 5.5 years established using the item response theory model provide a clear description of the language development trajectory of native Chinese-speaking children. This work offers valuable empirical data for the future development of language development evaluation tools for Chinese-speaking children, clinical monitoring of language development, and research into related neural mechanisms.

Key words: Children, Language Development, Milestones