中国循证儿科杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (5): 341-348.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5501.2023.05.003
付盼1a,王传清1a,俞蕙1b,吴霞1b,许红梅2a,景春梅2b,邓继岿3,王红梅3,华春珍4a,陈英虎4a,陈学军4b,陈益平5a,杨锦红5b,林爱伟6a,王世富6b,曹清7a,王星7b,邓慧玲8a,曹三成8b,郝建华9a,高巍9b,黄园园10,项红霞11,卓志强12a,黄美恋12b
FU Pan1a, WANG Chuanqing1a,
YU Hui1b, WU Xia1b, XU Hongmei2a, JING Chunmei2b,
DENG Jikui3, WANG Hongmei3, HUA Chunzhen4a,
CHEN Yinghu4a, CHEN Xuejun4b, CHEN Yiping5a,
YANG Jinhong5b, LIN Aiwei6a, WANG Shifu6b, CAO
Qing7a, WANG Xing7b, DENG Huiling8a, CAO
Sancheng8b, HAO Jianhua9a, GAO Wei9b, HUANG
Yuanyuan10, XIANG Hongxia11, ZHUO Zhiqiang12a,
HUANG Meilian12b
1 Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China, a Clinical Microbiology Department, b Infectious Disease Department; 2 Children's Hospital of Chonqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China, a Infectious Disease Department, b Department of Medical Laboratory; 3 Infectious Disease Department, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518034, China; 4 The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310005, China, a Infectious Disease Department, b Department of Medical Laboratory; 5 Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China, a Infectious Disease Department, b Department of Medical Laboratory; 6 Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, a Infectious Disease Department, b Department of Medical Laboratory; 7 Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China, a Infectious Disease Department, b Department of Medical Laboratory; 8 Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China, a Infectious Disease Department, b Department of Medical Laboratory; 9 Children's Hospital of Kaifeng City, Kaifeng 475099, China, a Infectious Disease Department, b Department of Medical Laboratory; 10 Pediatric Department, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; 11 Infectious Disease Department, Children's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi 214023, China; 12 Children's Hospital of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361006, China, a Infectious Disease Department, b Department of Medical Laboratory
摘要: 背景:中国儿童细菌耐药监测组(ISPED)每年对纳入的12家成员单位的儿童耐药监测数据进行汇总和分析,了解儿童感染性病原学变化和耐药现状。 目的:分析2022年我国儿童细菌感染和耐药现状,旨在指导儿童抗菌药物合理应用。 设计:横断面调查。 方法:菌株来源于2022年1月1日至12月31日ISPED成员单位细菌室,抗菌药物敏感试验采用自动化细菌鉴定及药敏分析仪或扩散纸片法,肺炎链球菌青霉素药物敏感性试验采用E-test法,结果判断采用美国临床实验室标准化委员会(CLSI)2022年标准。 主要结局指标:儿童人群菌群分布特征及主要分离株对抗菌药物耐药性变化,多重耐药菌(MDROs)的检出情况。 结果:2022年ISPED单位共分离到50 399株临床菌株,革兰阳性菌和阴性菌的比例分别为38.8%和61.2%。前10位分离株分别是:大肠埃希菌(14.3%)、流感嗜血杆菌(11.8%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(11.4%)、肺炎链球菌(11.3%)、卡他莫拉菌(7.3%)、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(6.8%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(5.3%)、铜绿假单胞菌(4.4%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(2.3%)及粪肠球菌(2.1%)。大肠埃希菌是新生儿、学龄期和青春期儿童主要分离菌,流感嗜血杆菌是婴儿主要分离菌,肺炎链球菌是幼儿和学龄前期儿童主要分离菌。青霉素不敏感菌株(PNSP)在脑脊液和非脑脊液来源肺炎链球菌中的比例分别为88.9%和6.6%。甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、碳青霉烯类耐药的肠杆菌目细菌(CRE)、铜绿假单胞菌(CR-PA)和鲍曼不动杆菌(CR-AB)检出率分别为32.8%、4.5%、7.6%和24.3%。MRSA、CRE和CR-PA在新生儿组检出率分别为33.2%、6.4%和11.3%,高于非新生儿组的32.6%、4.2%和7.5%;CR-AB在新生儿组的检出率为10.9%,低于非新生儿组的26.3%。 结论:2022年MDROs检出率较往年呈现下降趋势,应高度警惕和防范MRSA、CRE和CR-PA在新生儿中的定植、感染与传播。